Via a formula with knowledge percentage of 55% (default) 

The Hanze uses the following default formula: 10 * Obtained points/Total points 

This formula calculates with a knowledge percentage of 55%. When there are questions in the test for which the guessing probability is calculated in Ans  (multiple choice, match, fill-in ((when using the 'show answer' option)), order), the guess correction option can be checked. The formula then remains the same, but the cut-off score goes up.  

Via a formula with a knowledge percentage of 50% 

The following formula can be used: 1 + 9 * Obtained points/Total points  

For calculating the guess correction the same applies as for the default formula. 

Using the extended formula with a different knowledge percentage  

If you want to use a different knowledge percentage, you can use the formula below:  

IF(points<(total*0.55),(4.5/(total*0.55))*points+1,(4.5/(total-(total*0.55)))*points+(10-total*(4.5/(total-(total*0.55))))) 

Ans shows it as follows: 

IF(Obtained points<(Total points*0.55),(4.5/(Total points*0.55))*Obtained points+1,(4.5/(Total points-(Total points*0.55)))*Obtained points+(10-Total points*(4.5/(Total points-(Total points*0.55))))) 

This formula calculates with a 55% knowledge percentage, but instead of 0.55 (55%) you can fill in any other percentage. You can also use a hard-cut score instead of parts ‘Total points*0.55’ (for example 24 for a test of 40 questions with a desired knowledge percentage of 60%). In this formula, the following parameters are assumed: 

• Final score is 5.5  
• Lowest possible grade is 1  
• Maximum feasible mark is 10  
• Lowest achievable score is 0  
• Total points is the maximum score  
• Obtained points is the obtained score  

The marks when using this formula with a cut-off percentage of 55% deviate slightly below the cut-off score from the marks that the default formula yields with 55%. This has to do with assigning the lowest mark 1. With the default formula this is artificially adjusted after calculation of the formula when this is set, with the extended formula this is included in the calculation. 

Compare the mark calculations below in an example for a test with 12 questions and a total score of 12. 

With the formula 10 * Obtained points/Total points, with a score of 0 and 1 in the example above, Ans automatically gives a mark of 1 if that has been set in the grade calculation: 

When using the extended formula, the grade always increases. With the standard formula, the lowest scores all give a 1 as a mark. 

When it is relevant to apply the guess correction, you have two options:  

1. You can fill in the desired cut-off percentage and check the guess correction (you do not see how Ans exacts the calculation). With a combination of open and closed questions, it is possible with this method that two students with the same score will receive a different mark, since the guess correction is only calculated on the closed questions. 

2. The more transparent option is to calculate the cut-off percentage or cut-off score yourself (including the guess score) and use those numbers in the formula. The guess score of the test can be obtained from the insights:

Based on the knowledge percentage and the guess score, the following formulas can be used: Cut-off percentage = (cut-off score including guess score) / Maxscore  

Cut-off score including guess score = guess score + 0.55 * (maxscore - guess score). 

For example, for a test with 40 multiple choice questions with 1 correct answer, the cut-off score including guess score is: 10 + 0.55 * (40 – 10) = 26.5 and the cut-off percentage: 26.5 / 40 = 0.6625. The cut-off score or cut-off percentage can be entered into the formula.  

IF(Obtained points<(26.5),(4.5/(26.5))*Obtained points+1,(4.5/(Total points-(26.5)))*Obtained points+(10-Total points*(4.5/(Total points-(26.5))))) 

Specify that rounding should be done to two decimal places.  

Here too, options 1 and 2 above the cut-off score yield exactly the same marks. Below the cut-off score, the marks between the two options deviate slightly due to the different method of calculation. 

Calculate partial marks and combine them into one mark (Mark calculation variables) 

For an assignment that consists of part open and part closed questions, where you want the parts to be weighted differently in the mark calculation, you can use the available variables for this. 

You can find more information in this help article. An example is given for a knowledge percentage of 50%. 

A knowledge percentage of 55% is often used within the Hanze, in which case you can use the comparable formula: 

10*((Obtained points for open questions/Total points for open questions*0.6)+(Obtained points for closed questions/Total points for closed questions*0.4)) 

Applying this weighting to the extensive formula with a knowledge percentage other than 50% or 55% is possible, but results in an even more extensive and complex formula. If you want this, this is the formula you can use: 

IF(((Obtained points for closed questions * 1.2)+(Obtained points for open questions * 0.8))<(Total points*0.55),(4.5/(Total points*0.55))*((Obtained points for closed questions * 1.2)+( Obtained points for open questions* 0.8))+1,(4.5/(Total points-(Total points*0.55)))*((Obtained points for closed questions * 1.2)+(Obtained points for open questions * 0.8))+(10-Total points*(4.5/(Total points-(Total points*0.55))))) 

In addition to an open and a closed part, you can also assign different weights to different flow groups within a course-assignment. See also more information in the same help article. 

Within the table option you have two possibilities:  

• Manually create a table with rows in which you assign a score and a mark per row  

Automatically have Ans create a table based on conditions.  

In this case choose Determine cut-off score

You can fill in the different parameters in the pop-up yourself. 

If you want to include the guess score, you have two possibilities:  

• You fill in the guess score at the minimum number of points. 

• The student then gets a 1 up until the guess score, and above the guess score the marks below the cut-off score and above the cut-off score will be divided in equal steps (Which is why the left side of the table does not show whole numbers for the scores).  

• You calculate the cut-off percentage including the guess score and enter this percentage in the pop-up (Cut-off (%)). Again, the numbers below the cut-off score and above the cut-off score will be divided in equal steps. The difference with the option above is that with every higher score a higher grade is also given (and not that the grade 1 is given with every score below the guess score).  

The advantage of the table is that you can see the grade distribution: at which score (approximately) the student gets which grade. In addition, scores below the cut-off score are always rounded down, while in the formula it is possible to round to a 5.5 when the score is just below the cut-off score. The disadvantage of the table is that you cannot use every desired percentage and that Ans sometimes automatically adjusts this to get a working table.  

Combination of absolute and relative cut-off score (with more than 100 participants and no resit)  

When defining the cut-off score, besides defining an absolute pass-fail threshold beforehand, you can also take into account the degree of difficulty of the test after it has been taken. After taking the test, the pop-up gives you two suggestions on how to use the maximum score (based on the Cohen-Schotanus compromise method, which is based on the absolute cut-off score in relation to the highest score achieved). By the way, you can also use these in the formula.